Arsitektur Unified Ledger untuk Donasi Digital yang Transparan dengan Idempotency dan Server-Sent Events
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71456/jimt.v2i2.1590Kata Kunci:
Idempotensi, Server-sent Events, Transparansi, Unified ledgerAbstrak
Platform donasi digital dituntut memberikan transparansi yang cepat dan dapat diaudit, tetapi implementasi di dunia nyata sering menghadapi notifikasi gateway yang asinkron serta pengiriman webhook at-least-once yang dapat memicu duplikasi, inkonsistensi, dan membuat jendela transparansi menjadi singkat. Studi ini mengusulkan arsitektur terpusat yang menggabungkan (a) penerimaan webhook yang idempotent dengan persistent audit log, (b) unified double-entry ledger sebagai system of record, dan (c) publikasi real-time post-commit melalui server-sent events (SSE) sehingga timeline publik hanya dibentuk dari fakta ledger yang sudah committed. Idempotency keys, signature validation, dan deterministic ledger posting mencegah efek double-spend saat webhook dikirim ulang, sementara audit log menyimpan raw events untuk kebutuhan pemeriksaan forensik. Pendekatan ini diwujudkan dalam prototipe yang berjalan, LuminaFund, yang terintegrasi dengan mainstream payment gateway. Desain dievaluasi melalui pengujian berbasis skenario dan observasi operasional selama 1–13 Desember 2025 menggunakan lima indikator (K1–K5): efek finansial exactly-once pada kondisi retries, konsistensi rekonsiliasi antara public dashboard dan akuntansi, disclosure latency, internal processing delay, serta kelengkapan audit-trail. Hasilnya menunjukkan efek idempoten yang sempurna pada webhook berulang (K1=100%), konsistensi rekonsiliasi yang tinggi (K2≈91.95%), pengungkapan publik yang hampir real-time (K3 median=0.178 s; persentil 95≈2.92 s), internal processing delay yang minimal (K4 median≈1 ms), dan kelengkapan audit yang kuat (K5≈98.48%, 519/527 transaksi). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa unified-ledger ingestion dengan idempotency dan post-commit streaming dapat meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas tanpa operational overhead dari sistem on-chain, tetap layak untuk institusi skala menengah, serta dapat diverifikasi secara mandiri oleh donatur, administrator, dan auditor eksternal.
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