KUALIFIKASI GENOSIDA TERHADAP ETNIS ROHINGYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL: ANALISIS UNSUR DOLUS SPECIALIS

Rafflie Julio Marcelino; Dendi Saputra; Elsa Ramadhana; Sutra Oktaviani; Sela Monika; Dwi Putri Lestarika

doi:10.71456/sultan.v4i1.1787

Penulis

Rafflie Julio Marcelino* Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Dendi Saputra Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Elsa Ramadhana Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Sutra Oktaviani Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Sela Monika Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu
Dwi Putri Lestarika Program Studi Hukum Universitas Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71456/sultan.v4i1.1787

Kata Kunci:

Genosida, Dolus Specialis, Rohingya, Hukum Pidana Internasional, Mens Rea

Abstrak

Kasus etnis Rohingya di Myanmar merupakan salah satu krisis kemanusiaan paling serius abad ke-21 yang mengundang perdebatan hukum internasional mengenai kualifikasinya sebagai genosida. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dua persoalan pokok yakni apakah tindakan militer Myanmar terhadap Rohingya memenuhi unsur-unsur genosida sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam Konvensi Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan Genosida 1948 (Konvensi Genosida) dan bagaimana pembuktian unsur dolus specialis sebagai mens rea khusus genosida dapat dikonstruksi secara yuridis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus yang didukung dengan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Analisis didasarkan pada instrumen hukum internasional, putusan Pengadilan Pidana Internasional untuk Rwanda (ICTR), dan laporan investigatif PBB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur actus reus genosida terpenuhi secara substansial melalui pola pembunuhan massal, pemerkosaan sistematis, dan pengusiran paksa. Pembuktian dolus specialis, meskipun tidak tersedia dalam bentuk bukti doktrinal langsung, dapat diinferensi secara sah melalui metode pattern of conduct, skala dan sistematisitas kekerasan, serta keterlibatan aparatur negara. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa tindakan terhadap Rohingya memenuhi ambang batas kualifikasi genosida dan merekomendasikan penguatan mekanisme akuntabilitas hukum internasional terhadap pelaku.

Referensi

Instrumen Hukum Internasional

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (adopted 9 December 1948, entered into force 12 January 1951) 78 UNTS 277.

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002) 2187 UNTS 90.

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Fortify Rights, Policies of Persecution: Ending Abusive State Policies Against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar (Fortify Rights 2014).

United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar UN Doc A/HRC/39/64 (12 September 2018).

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