FRAGMENTASI TATA KELOLA PARIWISATA BALI: ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI MODEL GRINDLE

Ni Made Hintya Mahayani

doi:10.71456/sultan.v4i1.1967

Penulis

Ni Made Hintya Mahayani Universitas Bali Internasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71456/sultan.v4i1.1967

Kata Kunci:

Implementasi Kebijakan, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, Bali, Model Grindle, Tata Kelola Kolaboratif, Tri Hita Karana

Abstrak

Tata kelola pariwisata di Bali menghadapi krisis struktural intensifikasi pembangunan secara progresif menggerus fondasi ekologis dan sosial-budaya yang menjadi daya tarik utama destinasi global ini. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Bali melalui model implementasi kebijakan Merilee S. Grindle (1980), yang mendiagnosis kegagalan tata kelola melalui dua dimensi analitis: isi kebijakan (content of implementation) dan lingkungan implementasi (context of implementation). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data yang berasal dari dokumen kebijakan, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan laporan institusional. Hasil penelitian mengungkap empat defisit tata kelola yang saling terkait: (1) fragmentasi kelembagaan dengan dinamika silo antar-instansi; (2) struktur kekuasaan asimetris yang memarjinalkan komunitas lokal; (3) kebutaan ekologis dalam konten kebijakan; dan (4) mekanisme kepatuhan yang lemah sehingga regulasi lingkungan hanya berfungsi secara nominal. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa mengatasi hambatan struktural ini memerlukan pergeseran paradigma menuju tata kelola kolaboratif berbasis jaringan yang melembagakan partisipasi publik substantif, pemantauan berbasis komunitas, dan integrasi formal nilai Tri Hita Karana ke dalam kerangka perancangan serta penegakan kebijakan.

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