Karakteristik dan Prevalensi Ambliopia pada Anak Miopia Gravior di RSUD Waled Tahun 2024–2025

Ahmad Zaka Royani; Binto Akturusiano; Widi Astuti

doi:10.71456/jik.v5i1.2536

Authors

Ahmad Zaka Royani* Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
Binto Akturusiano Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
Widi Astuti Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71456/jik.v5i1.2536

Keywords:

Ambliopia, Miopia gravior, Prevalensi, Anisometropia, Anak

Abstract

Ambliopia merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan penglihatan pada anak yang dapat dicegah. Salah satu faktor risikonya adalah kelainan refraksi yang tidak terkoreksi, terutama miopia gravior. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik dan prevalensi ambliopia pada anak dengan miopia gravior di RSUD Waled tahun 2024–2025. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif retrospektif berdasarkan data sekunder rekam medis pasien di Poli Mata RSUD Waled. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Selama periode penelitian terdapat 1.318 kasus kelainan refraksi, dengan 69 kasus miopia gravior. Sebanyak 14 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri atas 10 pasien dengan ambliopia dan 4 pasien tanpa ambliopia. Proporsi ambliopia pada anak dengan miopia gravior terhadap seluruh kasus kelainan refraksi sebesar 0,76%, sedangkan prevalensi ambliopia pada anak dengan miopia gravior yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebesar 71,4%. Pasien didominasi usia 13–17 tahun (57,1%), perempuan (71,4%), ambliopia bilateral (92,9%), dan anisometropia (78,6%). Disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi ambliopia pada anak dengan miopia gravior yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian cukup tinggi, dengan karakteristik dominan remaja usia 13–17 tahun, perempuan, ambliopia bilateral, dan anisometropia. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya deteksi dini dan koreksi refraksi yang adekuat untuk mencegah ambliopia.

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