Determinan Sosial dengan Dropout Imunisasi DPT pada Anak: Sistematic Review dan Meta-Analisis

Afifah Hanum Harahap; Yessy Markolinda; Ratno Widoyo

doi:10.71456/jik.v5i1.2591

Authors

Afifah Hanum Harahap* Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Yessy Markolinda Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Ratno Widoyo Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71456/jik.v5i1.2591

Keywords:

Dropout Imunisasi, Vaksin DPT, Determinan Sosial, Anak-Anak, Meta-Analisis

Abstract

Imunisasi DPT merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam mencegah penyakit difteri, pertusis, dan tetanus pada anak. Namun, dropout imunisasi masih menjadi masalah di berbagai negara, dengan sekitar 6,2 juta anak telah menerima dosis pertama (DPT1) tapi tidak melanjutkan hingga dosis ketiga (DPT3). Hasil penelitian mengenai determinan sosial dropout imunisasi DPT masih beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan determinan sosial dengan dropout imunisasi DPT pada anak melalui systematic review dan meta-analisis. Penelitian ini merupakan kuantitatif observasional dengan desain systematic review dan meta-analisis. Literatur ditelusuri melalui database PubMed, EBSCO, dan ScienceDirect pada periode 2021-2026. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan RStudio dengan random-effects model. Sebanyak 27 studi masuk dalam systematic review dan 14 studi dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan ibu rendah (OR = 1,84; 95% CI: 1,52–2,22), status ekonomi keluarga rendah (OR = 1,69; 95% CI: 1,48–1,92), dan tempat tinggal di perdesaan (OR = 1,78; 95% CI: 1,22–2,60) berhubungan dengan dropout imunisasi DPT. Pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi keluarga, dan tempat tinggal berhubungan dengan dropout imunisasi DPT pada anak. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya perhatian terhadap faktor sosial dalam penguatan pelayanan imunisasi, terutama pada kelompok yang menghadapi hambatan akses.

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