Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Pajanan Chromium Hexavalent (CR6+) melalui Air Minum di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Binjai Estate Kota Binjai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71456/jik.v5i1.2996Keywords:
Chromium Hexavalent, Air Minum, Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan, Intake, Excess Cancer RiskAbstract
Chromium Hexavalent (Cr⁶⁺) merupakan logam berat yang bersifat toksik dan karsinogenik sehingga keberadaannya dalam air minum berpotensi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko karsinogenik akibat pajanan Cr⁶⁺ melalui konsumsi air minum pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Binjai Estate menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan sembilan sampel air minum yang berasal dari sembilan responden. Analisis risiko dilakukan melalui perhitungan intake dan karakterisasi risiko menggunakan nilai Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa delapan sampel air minum (88,9%) memiliki konsentrasi Cr⁶⁺ melebihi baku mutu sebesar 0,01 mg/L sesuai Permenkes RI Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Nilai intake berkisar antara 0,000000–0,019611 mg/kg/hari, sedangkan nilai ECR berkisar antara 0,000000–0,005295. Sebanyak lima responden (55,6%) berada pada kategori unacceptable risk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar air minum yang dikonsumsi responden berpotensi menimbulkan risiko karsinogenik, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan kualitas air minum secara berkala serta pengelolaan risiko kesehatan lingkungan untuk melindungi kesehatan masyarakat.
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Binjai Dalam Angka Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat Bps-statistics Of Langkat Regency. https://share.google/5xlynEPMJZCxe2rMw
Balali-Mood, M., Naseri, K., Tahergorabi, Z., Khazdair, M. R., & Sadeghi, M. (2021). Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. In Frontiers in Pharmacology (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.643972
Environmental Protection Agency, Office Of Research And Development, & Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessmnet. (2024). IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)]. https://iris.epa.gov/document/&deid%3D361833
EPA USA. (2026). Human Health Risk Assessment. https://www.epa.gov/risk/human-health-risk-assessment?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Fitra, M., Awaluddin, Sejati, & Fikri, E. (2021). Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) Edisi Revisi (M. Sari, Ed.). PT.Global Eksekutif Teknologi. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=o-RYEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Georgaki, M. N., & Charalambous, M. (2023). Toxic chromium in water and the effects on the human body: a systematic review. Journal of Water and Health, 21(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.214
Izbicki, J. A., McCleskey, R. B., Burton, C. A., Clark, D. A., & Smith, G. A. (2023). Groundwater Chemistry and Hexavalent Chromium. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885E
Kabdaşlı, I., & Tünay, O. (2023). Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Water and Wastewaters by Electrochemical Processes: Review. In Molecules (Vol. 28, Number 5). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052411
Li, J., Ding, G., & Lin, Q. (2024). Assessment of human health risk induced by 7 metals exposure through drinking water in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Medicine (United States), 103(39), e39864. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000039864
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). (2021). Report On carcinogens 15th Edition.
Paydar, M., Vagheii, R., & Sany, B. T. (2025). Assessment Of Human Health risk From Chromium Hexavalent in Drinking Water in the Northeast of Iran Usingthe Monthe Carlo Simulating. https://doi.org/10.5812/healthscope-158609
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 66 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan, Pub. L. 2 (2023). www.peraturan.go.id
Puspitarini, R., & Ismawati, R. (2023). Kualitas Air Baku Untuk Depot Air Minum Air Isi Ulang (Studi Kasus Di Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Angke Tambora). Dampak, 19(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25077/dampak.19.1.1-7.2022
Rahardjo, D., Sasongko, G., & Hadisusanto, S. (2024). Hexavalent chromium contamination and implications for human health risks related to fish consumption from small-scale aquaculture ponds in Bantul Regency (Vol. 17). http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Rauf, A. U., Mallongi, A., Daud, A., Hatta, M., & Astuti, R. D. P. (2021). Ecological risk assessment of hexavalent chromium and silicon dioxide in well water in Maros Regency, Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S4–S8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.002
Sazakli, E. (2024). Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 21, Number 4). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040406
Sharma, P., Singh, S. P., Parakh, S. K., & Tong, Y. W. (2022). Health hazards of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and its microbial reduction. In Bioengineered (Vol. 13, Number 3, pp. 4923–4938). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2037273
World Health Organization. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality Fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda (World Health Organization, Ed.). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240045064
Yanan, T., Miaomiao, H., Yunting, X., Fangda, P., Chuanlong, X., & Chunguang, D. (2025). Urine metabolomic characteristics of people exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118670
Zhao, X., Hao, M., Fan, T., Liu, A., & Feng, C. (2026). Study on the Influencing Factors of the Migration and Transformation Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium in a Soil–Groundwater System: A Review. In Toxics (Vol. 14, Number 1). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14010098
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 David Brando Pratama Tarigan, Syafran Arrazy, Nadia Ulfa Tanjung, & Wahyudi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
