Paradigma dan Karakteristik Penelitian Positivistik/Kuantitatif dan Interpretatif/Kualitatif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71456/jis.v4i2.1936Abstract
Perdebatan antara paradigma positivistik dan interpretatif merupakan isu fundamental dalam metodologi penelitian ilmiah yang relevan bagi pengembangan ilmu di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan paradigma positivistik/kuantitatif dan interpretatif/kualitatif dari empat dimensi analisis secara integratif, yaitu ontologi, epistemologi, aksiologi, dan metodologi, serta mengkaji posisi mixed methods research sebagai pendekatan integratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur (library research) dengan metode analisis isi dan analisis komparatif-konseptual terhadap sumber-sumber kepustakaan primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma positivistik berpijak pada realisme objektif dengan pendekatan deduktif yang berorientasi pada pengujian hipotesis dan generalisasi, sementara paradigma interpretatif menganut relativisme dengan pendekatan induktif yang berorientasi pada pemahaman makna kontekstual. Kedua paradigma memiliki perbedaan mendasar pada level ontologis yang menentukan seluruh perbedaan epistemologis, aksiologis, dan metodologisnya, namun keduanya sama-sama berkomitmen terhadap rigour ilmiah. Dikotomi antara keduanya dapat dilampaui melalui mixed methods research yang berpijak pada landasan pragmatis. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada paradigma yang secara universal lebih unggul; pilihan paradigma harus didasarkan pada koherensi antara pertanyaan penelitian, ontologi, epistemologi, dan metodologi yang dianut peneliti.
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